Understanding HTML and XHTML
- HTML and XHTML are markup languages, not programming languages.
- HTML and XHTML documents consist entirely of text. You can create them with any program that can edit text, such as WordPad or Notepad.
- Markup consists of tags that define the function of specific parts of the document, such as paragraphs, headings, tables, or lists.
<h1>Level-One Heading</h1>
<p>A paragraph goes here.</p>
- Hypertext markup languages support hypertext--interactive text that links to another document or to another location in the current document (bookmark).
- HTML and XHTML also support references to binary objects such as:
Pictures- Sounds
- Movies
- Podcasts
- Non-HTML documents, such as MS Office files
- Binary objects are not stored within the HTML files. The HTML file references the binary object by its location.
- Presentational markup is deprecated in the current versions of HTML and XHTML. Presentational markup refers to markup that controls the appearance of the Web page. Deprecated means that a particular markup is no longer a part of the official HTML specification, although browsers may continue to support the markup to give Web page developers time to correct their HTML. The &<font> tag is deprecated. The bgcolor attribute of the <body> tag is deprecated. In standards-based HTML/XHTML, Web developers use cascading stylesheets (CSS) to control presentation. The markup in standards-based HTML/XHTML defines the function of specific parts of the document, not its appearance.
XHTML Examples
<p>This is a paragraph enclosed within HTML/XHTML paragraph tags.</p>
This is a paragraph enclosed within HTML/XHTML paragraph tags.
<h1>This is a level 1 heading.</h1>
This is a level 1 heading.
<h2>This is a level 2 heading.</h2>
This is a level 2 heading.
<h3>This is a level 3 heading.</h3>
This is a level 3 heading.
This is a <a href="http://www.scsb.org/" target="_blank">hyperlink</a> to the Smyth County School Board's Website.
This is a hyperlink to the Smyth County School Board's Website.
<ul>
<li>List item</li>
<li>List item</li>
</ul>
<ol>
<li>List item</li>
<li>List item</li>
</ol>
- List item
- List item
<table>
<tr>
<th>Assignment</th><th>Due Date</th></tr>
<tr><td>Read pages 115-117 in your textbook.</td><td>March 10, 2006</td></tr>
</table>
| Assignment | Due Date |
| Read pages 115-117 in your textbook. | March 10, 2006 |
<div style="width: 500px; border: 1pt solid black; background-color: gold; padding: 4em">
<p>This is a paragraph within a division. The division could also contain tables, images, lists, and other HTML elements.</p>
</div>
This is a paragraph within a division. The division could also contain tables, images, lists, and other HTML elements.
<img src="images/browser.jpg" width="1000px" height="750px" alt="diagram illustrating how Web browsers render HTML code and binary objects into a Web page" />
Your Assignment
Create a Web page that contains the following:
- An XHTML 1.0 Strict Document Type Definition;
- A link to a Cascading Stylesheet in the head of your document:
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="mystyle.css" media="screen" />
- Level 1 and Level 2 headings;
- A paragraph introducing yourself;
- A table displaying your current class schedule, with at least three columns (period, name of class, teacher);
- A hyperlink to the Chilhowie Middle School Website;
Resources